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Type  Description  Value Importance 
Speed of light300 000
kilometers per second
Earth's age4.6
billion years
Extinction of the dinosaurs66
million years ago
Absolute zero− 273
degree celsius
Number of naturally occuring elements98
Pi3.141 59...
Speed of sound in air~ 340
meters per second
Age of the universe13.8
billion years
Time it takes light to travel from Sun to Earth8
minutes
Earth's axial tilt23
degree
Information stored in the human genome~ 700
megabytes
Earliest life on earth3.5
billion years ago
Radius of the earth~ 6 400
kilometers
Wavelength of visible light (blue-red)400 - 700
nanometers
Estimated number of stars in the Milky Way200 - 400
billion
Height of Mount Everest8 848
meters
Euler's number2.718 28...
Period of the moon's orbit29.5
days
Size of an atom10-10 
meters
Surface temperature of the Sun~ 5 500
degree celsius
Temperature of maximum density for water4
degree Celsius
Composition of air (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon)78, 21, 1
per cent
Depth of the Mariana Trench11
kilometers
Distance to the horizon for an observer on sea level~ 5
kilometers
Rise of modern humans in africa100 - 200
thousand years ago
Typical size of a bacterium1 - 5
micrometers
Altitude of the International Space Station (ISS)~ 400
kilometers
Circumference of the earth40 000
kilometers
Construction of the pyramids at Giza2600 - 2500
BC
Escape velocity on earth11
kilometers per second
Normal human body temperature37
degree Celsius
Number of chromosome pairs in the human genome23
Number of planets in the solar system8
Sun - Earth distance150
million kilometers
Average blood volume of an adult5
litres
Chernobyl disaster1986
AD
First manned moon landing1969
AD
Pulse rate at rest60 - 100
beats per minute
Temperature of a candle flame1 400
degree Celsius
World population8
billion people
Height of Earth's atmosphere100
kilometers
Initiation of the Reformation by Martin Luther1517
AD
Invention of the printing press~ 1440
AD
Typical size of a plant/animal cell10 - 100
micrometers
Wavelength of X-rays~ 1
nanometer
Number of species on earth~ 10
million
Pitch standard440
herz
Abundance of Hydrogen in the Milky Way74
per cent
Begin of the construction of the Great Wall of China~ 500
BC
Diameter of the Milky Way100 - 180
thousand light years